6 . Additions to provisions net of reversals and expense transfers chiefly concern: € millions 31.12.2021 31.12.2020 31.12.2019 Financial investments (1) -40.4 -79.8 -181.4 Impairment of other financial assets - - - Impairment of Treasury shares - - - Provisions for liabilities and charges relating to financial items (2) -143.0 2.7 -17.2 Other - - - TOTAL -183.4 -77.1 -198.6 (1) In 2020, this mainly related to the impairment of shares in Cosmeurop and Elebelle Limited. In 2019, this mainly related to the impairment of shares in Magic Holdings. (2) In 2021, this mainly related to provisions for currency risk amounting to -€150.7 million. NOTE 7. Exceptional items Exceptional items represented €2.1 million in 2021, compared to -€156.4 million in 2020 and €22.5 million in 2019. NOTE 8. Income tax The income tax breaks down as follows: € millions 31.12.2021 31.12.2020 31.12.2019 Tax on profit before tax and exceptional items -82.3 -39.8 -87.6 Tax on exceptional items and employee Profit Sharing 80.6 17.0 4.9 INCOME TAX -1.7 -22.8 -82.7 In 2021, the tax charge recognised by L’Oréal reflected €53.3  million in savings resulting from tax consolidation. In 2020, the tax charge recognised by L’Oréal included a tax consolidation loss of €0.3 million. In 2019, the tax charge recorded by L’Oréal included a tax consolidation loss of €4.1  million and €55.5   million for the agreement with the French Tax Administration regarding the disagreement over which French business products fall under the tax base for 2014 to 2018. NOTE 9. Increases or reductions in future tax liabilities € millions 31.12.2019 31.12.2020 Changes 31.12.2021 Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Temporary differences Regulated provisions - 15.9 - 10.2 3.7 1.1 - 7.6 Temporarily non-deductible charges 95.3 - 116.3 - 40.9 24.4 132.8 - Charges deducted (or revenue taxed) for tax purposes but not yet recognised - 16.1 - 0.2 - 43.7 - 43.8 Temporarily non-taxable revenue - - - - - - - - Deductible items Tax losses, deferred items - - - - - - - - Potentially taxable items Special reserve for long-term capital gains - 169.9 - 150.7 13.7 - - 137.0 These figures factor in the social contribution of 3.3% which is added to corporate income tax, both at normal and reduced rates, and the reduction in the tax rate in 2022. NOTE 10. Research costs Expenses booked for Research activities in 2021 totalled €1,040.7 million, compared with €976.6 million in 2020 and €1,015.8 million in  2019. 356 L ’ ORÉAL I UNIVERSAL REGISTRATION DOCUMENT 2021 PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes to the financial statements of L’Oréal SA