5 . The retirement expense charged to the income statement is recorded within personnel expenses for the operating part and within financial costs for the financial part and can be analysed as follows: € millions 2021 2020 2019 Service cost during the financial year 221.9 201.2 168.8 Interest costs 60.5 80.0 111.8 Expected return on assets -50.4 -66.7 -99.5 New plans/plan amendments (1) -10.0 -12.7 72.9 Curtailments (1) -16.7 -21.2 -100.3 Settlements 1.1 0.2 - T OTAL 206.4 180.9 153.6 (1) (2019) Order no. 2019-697 transposing a European Directive dated 16 April 2014 into law no longer allows for new additional rights to be acquired in schemes opened on 20 May 2014 for employment periods after 31 December 2019. The net impact recorded in 2019 net income for these developments is +€17.5 million. L’Oréal finalised in 2021 the implementation of a replacement scheme for acquired rights in accordance with this Order for employment periods starting 1 January 2020, following publication of the circular on 23  December 2020. This scheme is considered a continuation of the former scheme due to its consistency in terms of population and benefits. Contributions to defined contribution schemes recognised as an expense for 2021, 2020 and 2019 amounted to €559.3  million, €511.3  million and €524.80  million, respectively. A chang e of 1% point in medical cost inflation would have the following impact: € millions Increase of 1% Decrease of 1% Impact on projected benefit obligation 9.57 -7.99 Impact on current service cost and interest costs 0.23 -0.19 Actuarial gains and losses for the periods presented are as follows: € millions 2021 Present value of defined benefit obligation Plan assets Net provisions Actuarial gains and losses: experience adjustments 31.5 -255.2 -223.7 Actuarial gains and losses: demographic assumptions 23.2 - 23.2 Actuarial gains and losses: financial assumptions -384.6 - -384.6 TOTAL -329.9 -255.2 -585.2 € millions 2020 Present value of defined benefit obligation Plan assets Net provisions Actuarial gains and losses: experience adjustments 40.3 -257.5 -217.2 Actuarial gains and losses: demographic assumptions 7.2 - 7.2 Actuarial gains and losses: financial assumptions 435.6 - 435.6 TOTAL 483.1 -257.5 225.6 € millions 2019 Present value of defined benefit obligation Plan assets Net provisions Actuarial gains and losses: experience adjustments -25.5 -378.9 -404.4 Actuarial gains and losses: demographic assumptions -36.6 - -36.6 Actuarial gains and losses: financial assumptions 768.8 - 768.8 TOTAL 706.6 -378.9 327.7 306 L ’ ORÉAL I UNIVERSAL REGISTRATION DOCUMENT 2021 2021 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes to the consolidated financial statements